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Oscillation --- Vibration

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Corps rigide --- Oscillation --- Systeme hamiltonien

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The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is a recurrent feature of the climate in tropical regions. A primary example of large scale coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions, ENSO has received much attention in past years, as a result of widespread climatic anomalies (severe drought and floods, Indian monsoon failure, etc.) that are often associated with the development of such episodes. To enhance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the low frequency behavior of ENSO and to help improve our ability to forecast the future behavior of this phenomenon, we have combined analysis of the modern aspects of ENSO morphology, modelling and variability with chapters dealing with its historical and prehistorical behavior. this volume examines different approaches to reconstructing ENSO based on a variety of proxy sources. It also illustrates how, in the past, the climatic manifestations associated with ENSO may have been different, in the frequency of occurrence as well as amplitude. This book will be of importance to all professional scientists and researchers in climatology, meteorology and the earth and environmental sciences, while graduate students in these disciplines will find the book a useful reference source.

Southern oscillation --- El Niño Current --- Southern Oscillation --- Southern oscillation. --- El Niño Current. --- El Niño Current

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Climatic changes --- Southern oscillation --- El Niño Current

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"Time series representing two of the climate systems' most leading variability in northern hemisphere, namely the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO), together with 50 years of observed daily mean surface air temperature, precipitation over the conterminous United States, as well as circulation fields from NCEP/NCAR CDAS/Reanalysis are used to investigate the climate impact of ENSO and AO and their combined effects. Composites of ENSO only (El Nino, neutral, La Nina) phase, AO only (high, neutral, low) phase, and their nine combinations are constructed for US temperature, precipitation and the circulation fields for each 12 running season. The results show that both ENSO and AO have profound impact on US temperature and precipitation in winter. In general, the low index phase of AO resembles that of La Nina and high index phase of AO resembles El Nino. Therefore, during (C, AO- ) and (W, AO+), enhanced impact on temperature and precipitation anomalous field is expected. For example, while it is normally warmer and drier in the northern states, cooler and wetter in the southern states during El Nino years, the high index phase of AO provides much warmer winter for large areas of US from northern border to central and northeast than the low index phase of AO in the same phase of ENSO. The AO impact on precipitation is less well organized but the impact exists through out the year in the south and east coastal area, as well as the Tennessee and Ohio valley. These composites provide useful tools to support the 6-10 day, monthly and seasonal forecasts in the Climate Prediction Center."

North Atlantic oscillation --- Southern oscillation --- Weather forecasting --- Ocean-atmosphere interaction --- Climatic changes --- El Niño Current